The Internet Story

The history of internet is simplified and explained in the above video.

While computers were not a new concept in the 1950s, there were relatively few computers in existence and the field of computer science was still in its infancy. Most of the advances in technology at the time - cryptography, radar, battlefield communications - were due to military operations during World War II, and it was, in fact, government activities that led to the development of the Internet.

On October 4, 1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik, man's first foray into outer space, and the U.S. government under President Eisenhower subsequently launched an aggressive military campaign to compete with and surpass the Soviet activities. From the launch of Sputnik and the U.S.S.R. testing its first intercontinental ballistic missile, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was born. ARPA was the U.S. government's research agency for all space and strategic missile research. In 1958, NASA was formed, and the activities of ARPA moved away from aeronautics and focused mainly on computer science and information processing. One of ARPA's goals was to connect mainframe computers at different universities around the country so that they would be able to communicate using a common language and a common protocol. Thus the ARPAnet -- the world's first multiple-site computer network -- was created in 1969.

The original ARPAnet eventually grew into the Internet. The Internet was based on the concept that there would be multiple independent networks that began with the ARPAnet as the pioneering packet-switching network but would soon include packet satellite networks and ground-based packet radio networks. 

A brief timeline highlighted below mentions some of the major occurrences over the past 49 years that have shaped the Internet of today.

1958    President Eisenhower requests funds to create ARPA. Approved as a line item in Air Force appropriations bill.

1961    Len Kleinrock, Professor of Computer Science at UCLA, writes first paper on packet switching, "Information Flow in Large Communications Nets." Paper published in RLE Quarterly Progress Report.

1962    J.C.R. Licklider & W. Clark write first paper on Internet Concept, "On-Line Man Computer Communications."

Len Kleinrock writes Communication Nets, which describes design for packet switching network; used for ARPAnet

1964    Paul Baran writes, "On Distributed Communications Networks," first paper on using message blocks to send info across a decentralized networktopology(Nodes and Links)

Oct. 1965        First Network Experiment: Directed by Larry Roberts at MIT Lincoln Lab, two computers talked to each other using packet-switching technology.

Dec. 1966       ARPA project begins. Larry Roberts is chief scientist.

Dec. 1968       Arpanet contract given to Bolt, Beranek & Newman (BBN) in Cambridge, Mass.

Sept. 1, 1969  First ARPANet node installed at UCLA Network Measurement Center. Kleinrock hooked up the Interface Message Processor to a Sigma 7 Computer.

Oct. 1, 1969    Second node installed at Stanford Research Institute; connected to a SDS 940 computer. The first ARPANet message sent: "lo." Trying to spell log-in, but the system crashed!

Nov. 1, 1969   Third node installed at University of California, Santa Barbara. Connected to an IBM 360/75.

Dec. 1, 1969   Fourth node installed at University of Utah. Connected to a DEC PDP-10.

March 1970    Fifth node installed at BBN, across the country in Cambridge, Mass.

July 1970        Alohanet, first packet radio network, operational at University of Hawaii.

March 1972    First basic e-mail programs written by Ray Tomlinson at BBN for ARPANET: SNDMSG and READMAIL. "@" sign chosen for its "at" meaning.

March 1973    First ARPANET international connections to University College of London (England) and NORSAR (Norway).

1974                Intelreleases the 8080 processor.

Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection," which details the design of TCP.

1976                Apple Computer founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.

Queen Elizabeth II sends out an e-mail.

Vint Cerf joins ARPA as program manager.

1978                TCP split into TCP and IP.

1979    Bob Metcalfe and others found 3Com (Computer Communication Compatibility).

1980    Tim Berners-Lee writes program called "Enquire Within," predecessor to the World Wide Web.

1981    . IBM announces its first Personal Computer. Microsoft creates DOS.

1983    . Cisco Systems founded.

Nov. 1983       . Domain Name System (DNS) designed by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris, and                          Craig Partridge. .edu, .gov, .com, .mil, .org, .net, and .int created.

1984    • William Gibson writes "Neuromancer." Coins the term "cyberspace".

• Apple Computer introduces the Macintosh on January 24th.

March 15, 1985          . Symbolic.com becomes the first registered domain.

1986    . 5000 hosts on ARPAnet/Internet.

1987    • 10,000 hosts on the Internet.

• First Cisco routershipped.

• 25 million PCs sold in US.

1989    • 100,000 hosts on Internet.

• McAfee Associates founded; anti-virus software available for free. Quantum becomes America Online.

1990    . ARPAnet ends. Tim Berners-Lee creates the World Wide Web.

1992    "Surfing the Internet" is coined by Jean Armour Polly.

1993    . Mosaic Web browser developed by Marc Andreesen at University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana.

. InterNICcreated.

• Web grows by 341,000 percent in a year.

April 1994      . Netscape Communications founded.

• Jeff Bezos writes the business plan for Amazon.com.

. Java's first public demonstration.

Dec. 1994       Microsoft licenses technology from Spyglass to create Web browser for Windows 95.

May 23, 1995 . Sun Microsystems releases Java.

August 24, 1995         . Windows 95 released.

1996    . Domain name tv.com sold to CNET for $15,000. Browser wars begin. Netscape and Microsoft two biggest players.

1997    . business.com sold for $150,000.

January 1998  . Microsoft reaches a partial settlement with the Justice Department that allows personal computer makers to remove or hide its Internet software on new versions of Windows 95.

. Netscape announces plans to give its browser away for free.

1998     US Depart of Commerce outlines proposal to privatize DNS. ICANN created by Jon Postel to oversee privatization. Jon Postel dies.

1999    •AOL buys Netscape; Andreesen steps down as full-time employee.

• Browsers wars declared over; Netscape and Microsoft share almost 100% of browser market.

• Microsoft declared a monopoly by US District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson.

•Shawn Fanning creates Napster, opening the possibilities of peer-to-peer file sharing and igniting a copyright war in the music industry.

2000   . Fixed wireless, high-speed Internet technology is now seen as a viable alternative to copper and fiber optic lines placed in the ground.

. The Dot-Com Bubble bursts. A majority of the dot-coms ceased trading after burning through their venture capital, often without ever making a net profit.

January 10, 2000        • AOL Merges with Time-Warner. AOL shareholders take 55% stake in newly formed company.

February 2000            . A large-scale denial of service attack is launched against some major Web sites like Yahoo! and eBay, alerting Web sites to the need for tighter security measures.

. 10,000,000 domain names have been registered.

September 2000        There are 20,000,000 websites on the Internet, numbers doubling since February 2000.

July 2001        A federal judge rules that Napster must remain offline until it can prevent copyrighted material from being shared by its users.

The Code Red worm and Sircam virus infiltrate thousands of web servers and email accounts, respectively, causing a spike in Internet bandwidth usage and security breaches.

November 2001         The European Council adopts the first treaty addressing criminal offenses committed over the Internet.

First uncompressed real-time gigabit HDTV transmission across a wide-area IP network takes place on Internet2.

January 2002  name begins resolving

January 2003  The SQL Slammer worm causes one of the largest and fastest spreading DDoS attacks ever, taking only 10 minutes to spread worldwide.

The Internet celebrates its 'unofficial' 20th birthday.

September 2003        The RIAA sues 261 individuals for allegedly distributing copyright music files over peer-to-peer networks

December 2003         The Research project "How much information 2003" finds that Instant messaging generates five billion messages a day (750GB), or 274 Terabytes a year and that e-mail generates about 400,000 terabytes of new information each year worldwide.

2005    YouTube.com launches

2006    There are an estimated 92 million Web sites online

May 2006       . A massive DDOS assault on Blue Security, an anti-spam company, is redirected by Blue Security staff to their Movable Type-hosted blog. The result is that the DDOS instead knocks out all access to over 1.8 million active blogs.

August 2006   . AOL announces that they will give for free virtually every service for which it charged a monthly fee, with income coming instead from advertising.

October 2006  There are an estimated 92 million Web sites online (some stats say over 100 million)

 Google Inc. acquires YouTube for $1.65 billion in a stock-for-stock transaction.

January 2007  .  Microsoft launches its various consumer versions of Microsoft Vista.

February 2007            . Apple surpasses one billion iTunes downloads.

March 2007    .  1.114 billion people use the Internet according to Internet World Stats.

April 2007      . Search engine giant Google surpasses Microsoft as "the most valuable global brand," and also is the most visited Web




http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/what-internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet-related-networks